Overview
The databases that KubeDB supports are MongoDB, MariaDB, MySQL, Elasticsearch, Redis, PostgreSQL, ProxySQL, Percona XtraDB, Memcached and PgBouncer. You can find the guides to all the supported databases here . In this tutorial we will deploy MariaDB database in Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS). We will cover the following steps:
- Install KubeDB
- Deploy MariaDB Clustered Database
- Install Stash
- Backup MariaDB Database Using Stash
- Recover MariaDB Database Using Stash
Install KubeDB
We will follow the steps to install KubeDB.
Get Cluster ID
We need the cluster ID to get the KubeDB License. To get cluster ID we can run the following command:
$ kubectl get ns kube-system -o jsonpath='{.metadata.uid}'
8c4498337-358b-4dc0-be52-14440f4e061e
Get License
Go to Appscode License Server to get the license.txt file. For this tutorial we will use KubeDB Enterprise Edition.
Install KubeDB
We will use helm to install KubeDB. Please install helm here
if it is not already installed.
Now, let’s install KubeDB.
$ helm repo add appscode https://charts.appscode.com/stable/
$ helm repo update
$ helm search repo appscode/kubedb
NAME CHART VERSION APP VERSION DESCRIPTION
appscode/kubedb v2022.03.28 v2022.03.28 KubeDB by AppsCode - Production ready databases...
appscode/kubedb-autoscaler v0.11.0 v0.11.0 KubeDB Autoscaler by AppsCode - Autoscale KubeD...
appscode/kubedb-catalog v2022.03.28 v2022.03.28 KubeDB Catalog by AppsCode - Catalog for databa...
appscode/kubedb-community v0.24.2 v0.24.2 KubeDB Community by AppsCode - Community featur...
appscode/kubedb-crds v2022.03.28 v2022.03.28 KubeDB Custom Resource Definitions
appscode/kubedb-dashboard v0.2.0 v0.2.0 KubeDB Dashboard by AppsCode
appscode/kubedb-enterprise v0.11.2 v0.11.2 KubeDB Enterprise by AppsCode - Enterprise feat...
appscode/kubedb-grafana-dashboards v2022.03.28 v2022.03.28 A Helm chart for kubedb-grafana-dashboards by A...
appscode/kubedb-metrics v2022.03.28 v2022.03.28 KubeDB State Metrics
appscode/kubedb-ops-manager v0.13.0 v0.13.0 KubeDB Ops Manager by AppsCode - Enterprise fea...
appscode/kubedb-opscenter v2022.03.28 v2022.03.28 KubeDB Opscenter by AppsCode
appscode/kubedb-provisioner v0.26.0 v0.26.0 KubeDB Provisioner by AppsCode - Community feat...
appscode/kubedb-schema-manager v0.2.0 v0.2.0 KubeDB Schema Manager by AppsCode
appscode/kubedb-ui-server v2021.12.21 v2021.12.21 A Helm chart for kubedb-ui-server by AppsCode
appscode/kubedb-webhook-server v0.2.0 v0.2.0 KubeDB Webhook Server by AppsCode
# Install KubeDB Enterprise operator chart
$ helm install kubedb appscode/kubedb \
--version v2022.03.28 \
--namespace kubedb --create-namespace \
--set kubedb-provisioner.enabled=true \
--set kubedb-ops-manager.enabled=true \
--set kubedb-autoscaler.enabled=true \
--set kubedb-dashboard.enabled=true \
--set kubedb-schema-manager.enabled=true \
--set-file global.license=/path/to/the/license.txt
Let’s verify the installation:
$ watch kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -l "app.kubernetes.io/instance=kubedb"
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kubedb kubedb-kubedb-autoscaler-644848687f-rvp2l 1/1 Running 0 5m6s
kubedb kubedb-kubedb-dashboard-f4fb7575-xvqnv 1/1 Running 0 5m6s
kubedb kubedb-kubedb-ops-manager-5955b5c9c9-57rc2 1/1 Running 0 5m6s
kubedb kubedb-kubedb-provisioner-5b9b4ccb94-4xdj4 1/1 Running 0 5m6s
kubedb kubedb-kubedb-schema-manager-5548d59bcf-f99ps 1/1 Running 0 5m6s
kubedb kubedb-kubedb-webhook-server-6bd59dcd5d-smhmc 1/1 Running 0 5m6s
We can list the CRD Groups that have been registered by the operator by running the following command:
$ kubectl get crd -l app.kubernetes.io/name=kubedb
NAME CREATED AT
elasticsearchautoscalers.autoscaling.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:30:00Z
elasticsearchdashboards.dashboard.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:30:07Z
elasticsearches.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:30:05Z
elasticsearchopsrequests.ops.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:30:12Z
elasticsearchversions.catalog.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:26:41Z
etcds.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:30:05Z
etcdversions.catalog.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:26:41Z
mariadbautoscalers.autoscaling.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:30:03Z
mariadbdatabases.schema.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:30:17Z
mariadbopsrequests.ops.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:30:26Z
mariadbs.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:30:05Z
mariadbversions.catalog.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:26:41Z
memcacheds.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:30:05Z
memcachedversions.catalog.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:26:41Z
mongodbautoscalers.autoscaling.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:29:56Z
mongodbdatabases.schema.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:30:15Z
mongodbopsrequests.ops.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:30:15Z
mongodbs.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:30:05Z
mongodbversions.catalog.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:26:42Z
mysqldatabases.schema.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:30:15Z
mysqlopsrequests.ops.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:30:22Z
mysqls.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:30:05Z
mysqlversions.catalog.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:26:42Z
perconaxtradbs.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:30:06Z
perconaxtradbversions.catalog.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:26:42Z
pgbouncers.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:30:06Z
pgbouncerversions.catalog.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:26:43Z
postgresdatabases.schema.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:30:16Z
postgreses.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:30:06Z
postgresopsrequests.ops.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:30:33Z
postgresversions.catalog.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:26:43Z
proxysqls.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:30:06Z
proxysqlversions.catalog.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:26:43Z
redises.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:30:06Z
redisopsrequests.ops.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:30:29Z
redissentinels.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:30:06Z
redisversions.catalog.kubedb.com 2022-04-15T05:26:44Z
Deploy MariaDB Clustered Database
Now, we are going to Deploy MariaDB with the help of KubeDB. At first, let’s create a Namespace in which we will deploy the database.
$ kubectl create ns demo
namespace/demo created
Here is the yaml of the MariaDB CRO we are going to use:
apiVersion: kubedb.com/v1alpha2
kind: MariaDB
metadata:
name: sample-mariadb
namespace: demo
spec:
version: "10.6.4"
replicas: 3
storageType: Durable
storage:
storageClassName: "default"
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
terminationPolicy: WipeOut
Let’s save this yaml configuration into sample-mariadb.yaml
Then create the above MariaDB CRO
$ kubectl create -f sample-mariadb.yaml
mariadb.kubedb.com/sample-mariadb created
- In this yaml we can see in the
spec.versionfield specifies the version of MariaDB. Here, we are using MariaDBversion 10.6.4. You can list the KubeDB supported versions of MariaDB by running$ kubectl get mariadbversionscommand. spec.storagespecifies PVC spec that will be dynamically allocated to store data for this database. This storage spec will be passed to the StatefulSet created by KubeDB operator to run database pods. You can specify any StorageClass available in your cluster with appropriate resource requests.- And the
spec.terminationPolicyfield is Wipeout means that the database will be deleted without restrictions. It can also be “Halt”, “Delete” and “DoNotTerminate”. Learn More about these HERE .
Once these are handled correctly and the MariaDB object is deployed, you will see that the following objects are created:
$ kubectl get all -n demo
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/sample-mariadb-0 2/2 Running 0 11m
pod/sample-mariadb-1 2/2 Running 0 11m
pod/sample-mariadb-2 2/2 Running 0 11m
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/sample-mariadb ClusterIP 10.0.242.209 <none> 3306/TCP 11m
service/sample-mariadb-pods ClusterIP None <none> 3306/TCP 11m
NAME READY AGE
statefulset.apps/sample-mariadb 3/3 11m
NAME TYPE VERSION AGE
appbinding.appcatalog.appscode.com/sample-mariadb kubedb.com/mariadb 10.6.4 11m
NAME VERSION STATUS AGE
mariadb.kubedb.com/sample-mariadb 10.6.4 Ready 11m
Let’s check if the database is ready to use,
$ kubectl get mariadb -n demo sample-mariadb
NAME VERSION STATUS AGE
sample-mariadb 10.6.4 Ready 12m
We have successfully deployed MariaDB in AKS. Now we can exec into the container to use the database.
Accessing Database Through CLI
To access the database through CLI, we have to get the credentials to access.
KubeDB will create Secret and Service for the database sample-mariadb that we have deployed. Let’s check them using the following commands,
$ kubectl get secret -n demo -l=app.kubernetes.io/instance=sample-mariadb
NAME TYPE DATA AGE
sample-mariadb-auth kubernetes.io/basic-auth 2 13m
$ kubectl get service -n demo -l=app.kubernetes.io/instance=sample-mariadb
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
sample-mariadb ClusterIP 10.0.242.209 <none> 3306/TCP 14m
sample-mariadb-pods ClusterIP None <none> 3306/TCP 14m
Now, we are going to use sample-mariadb-auth to get the credentials.
$ kubectl get secrets -n demo sample-mariadb-auth -o jsonpath='{.data.username}' | base64 -d
root
$ kubectl get secrets -n demo sample-mariadb-auth -o jsonpath='{.data.password}' | base64 -d
S_DmOdvjbWqjyaDI
$ kubectl exec -it sample-mariadb-0 -n demo -c mariadb -- bash
Insert Sample Data
In this section, we are going to login into our MariaDB database pod and insert some sample data.
root@sample-mariadb-0:/# mariadb --user=root --password='S_DmOdvjbWqjyaDI'
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE Music;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.010 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| Music |
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE TABLE Music.Artist (Name VARCHAR(50), Song VARCHAR(25));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.021 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> INSERT INTO Music.Artist (Name, Song) VALUES ("Bon Jovi", "It's My Life");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.003 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT * FROM Music.Artist;
+----------+--------------+
| Name | Song |
+----------+--------------+
| Bon Jovi | It's My Life |
+----------+--------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
We’ve successfully inserted some sample data to our database. And this was just an example of our MariaDB Clustered database deployment. More information about Run & Manage Production-Grade MariaDB Database on Kubernetes can be found HERE
Backup MariaDB Database Using Stash
Here, we are going to use Stash to backup the MariaDB database we deployed before.
Install Stash
Kubedb Enterprise License works for Stash too. So, we will use the Enterprise license that we have already obtained.
$ helm install stash appscode/stash \
--version v2022.02.22 \
--namespace kube-system \
--set features.enterprise=true \
--set-file global.license=/path/to/the/license.txt
Let’s verify the installation:
$ watch kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -l app.kubernetes.io/name=stash-enterprise
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-system stash-stash-enterprise-8466568b6b-v9ttr 2/2 Running 0 3m8s
Now, to confirm CRD groups have been registered by the operator, run the following command:
$ kubectl get crd -l app.kubernetes.io/name=stash
NAME CREATED AT
backupbatches.stash.appscode.com 2022-04-15T06:29:00Z
backupblueprints.stash.appscode.com 2022-04-15T06:29:00Z
backupconfigurations.stash.appscode.com 2022-04-15T06:28:58Z
backupsessions.stash.appscode.com 2022-04-15T06:28:59Z
functions.stash.appscode.com 2022-04-15T06:27:18Z
repositories.stash.appscode.com 2022-04-15T05:30:18Z
restorebatches.stash.appscode.com 2022-04-15T06:29:01Z
restoresessions.stash.appscode.com 2022-04-15T05:30:18Z
tasks.stash.appscode.com 2022-04-15T06:27:19Z
Prepare Backend
Stash supports various backends for storing data snapshots. It can be a cloud storage like GCS bucket, AWS S3, Azure Blob Storage etc. or a Kubernetes persistent volume like HostPath, PersistentVolumeClaim, NFS etc.
For this tutorial we are going to use azure storage. You can find other setups here .
At first we need to create a secret so that we can access the azure storage container. We can do that by the following code:
$ echo -n 'changeit' > RESTIC_PASSWORD
$ echo -n '<your-azure-storage-account-name>' > AZURE_ACCOUNT_NAME
$ echo -n '<your-azure-storage-account-key>' > AZURE_ACCOUNT_KEY
$ kubectl create secret generic -n demo azure-secret \
--from-file=./RESTIC_PASSWORD \
--from-file=./AZURE_ACCOUNT_NAME \
--from-file=./AZURE_ACCOUNT_KEY
secret/azure-secret created
Create Repository
apiVersion: stash.appscode.com/v1alpha1
kind: Repository
metadata:
name: azure-repo
namespace: demo
spec:
backend:
azure:
container: stash-backup
prefix: /sample-mariadb
storageSecretName: azure-secret
This repository CRO specifies the azure-secret we created before and stores the name and path to the azure storage container. It also specifies the location to the container where we want to backup our database.
Here, My container name is
stash-backup. Don’t forget to changespec.backend.azure.containerto your container name.
Lets create this repository,
$ kubectl apply -f azure-repo.yaml
repository.stash.appscode.com/azure-repo created
Create BackupConfiguration
Now, we need to create a BackupConfiguration file that specifies what to backup, where to backup and when to backup.
apiVersion: stash.appscode.com/v1beta1
kind: BackupConfiguration
metadata:
name: sample-mariadb-backup
namespace: demo
spec:
schedule: "*/5 * * * *"
repository:
name: azure-repo
target:
ref:
apiVersion: appcatalog.appscode.com/v1alpha1
kind: AppBinding
name: sample-mariadb
retentionPolicy:
name: keep-last-5
keepLast: 5
prune: true
Create this BackupConfiguration by following command,
$ kubectl apply -f sample-mariadb-backup.yaml
backupconfiguration.stash.appscode.com/sample-mariadb-backup created
BackupConfigurationcreates a cronjob that backs up the specified database (spec.target) every 5 minutes.spec.repositorycontains the secret we created before calledazure-secret.spec.target.refcontains the reference to the appbinding that we want to backup.spec.schedulespecifies that we want to backup the database at 5 minutes interval.spec.retentionPolicyspecifies the policy to follow for cleaning old snapshots.- To learn more about
AppBinding, click here AppBinding . So, after 5 minutes we can see the following status:
$ kubectl get backupsession -n demo
NAME INVOKER-TYPE INVOKER-NAME PHASE DURATION AGE
sample-mariadb-backup-1650004801 BackupConfiguration sample-mariadb-backup Succeeded 21s 63s
$ kubectl get repository -n demo
NAME INTEGRITY SIZE SNAPSHOT-COUNT LAST-SUCCESSFUL-BACKUP AGE
azure-repo true 4.548 MiB 1 85s 3m42s
Now if we check our azure storage container, we can see that the backup has been successful.
If you have reached here, CONGRATULATIONS!! 🎊 🎊 🎊 You have successfully backed up MariaDB Database using Stash. If you had any problem during the backup process, you can reach out to us via EMAIL .
Recover MariaDB Database Using Stash
Let’s think of a scenario in which the database has been accidentally deleted or there was an error in the database causing it to crash.
Temporarily pause backup
At first, let’s stop taking any further backup of the database so that no backup runs after we delete the sample data. We are going to pause the BackupConfiguration object. Stash will stop taking any further backup when the BackupConfiguration is paused.
$ kubectl patch backupconfiguration -n demo sample-mariadb-backup --type="merge" --patch='{"spec": {"paused": true}}'
backupconfiguration.stash.appscode.com/sample-mariadb-backup patched
Now, we are going to delete database to simulate accidental database deletion.
$ kubectl exec -it sample-mariadb-0 -n demo -c mariadb -- bash
root@sample-mariadb-0:/# mariadb --user=root --password='S_DmOdvjbWqjyaDI'
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| Music |
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.001 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> DROP DATABASE Music;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.018 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
Create a RestoreSession
Below, is the contents of YAML file of the RestoreSession object that we are going to create.
apiVersion: stash.appscode.com/v1beta1
kind: RestoreSession
metadata:
name: sample-mariadb-restore
namespace: demo
spec:
repository:
name: azure-repo
target:
ref:
apiVersion: appcatalog.appscode.com/v1alpha1
kind: AppBinding
name: sample-mariadb
rules:
- snapshots: [latest]
Now, let’s create RestoreSession that will initiate restoring from the cloud.
$ kubectl create -f sample-mariadb-restore.yaml
restoresession.stash.appscode.com/sample-mariadb-restore created
This RestoreSession specifies where the data will be restored.
Once this is applied, a RestoreSession will be created. Once it has succeeded, the database has been successfully recovered as you can see below:
$ kubectl get restoresession -n demo
NAME REPOSITORY PHASE DURATION AGE
sample-mariadb-restore azure-repo Succeeded 26s 38s
Now, let’s check whether the database has been correctly restored:
$ kubectl exec -it sample-mariadb-0 -n demo -c mariadb -- bash
root@sample-mariadb-0:/# mariadb --user=root --password='S_DmOdvjbWqjyaDI'
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| Music |
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT * FROM Music.Artist;
+----------+--------------+
| Name | Song |
+----------+--------------+
| Bon Jovi | It's My Life |
+----------+--------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
You can see the database has been restored. The recovery of MariaDB Database has been successful. If you faced any difficulties in the recovery process, you can reach out to us through EMAIL .
We have made an in depth video on how to Auto-Scale and Reconfigure MariaDB in Kubernetes Native way using KubeDB. You can have a look into the video below:
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More about MariaDB in Kubernetes
If you have found a bug with KubeDB or want to request for new features, please file an issue .